网络编程
大约 6 分钟
网络编程
阻塞模式
- 阻塞模式下,相关方法都会导致线程暂停
- ServerSocketChannel.accept 会在没有连接建立时让线程暂停
- SocketChannel.read 会在没有数据可读时让线程暂停
- 阻塞的表现其实就是线程暂停了,暂停期间不会占用 cpu,但线程相当于闲置
- 单线程下,阻塞方法之间相互影响,几乎不能正常工作,需要多线程支持
- 但多线程下,有新的问题,体现在以下方面
- 32 位 jvm 一个线程 320k,64 位 jvm 一个线程 1024k,如果连接数过多,必然导致 OOM,并且线程太多,反而会因为频繁上下文切换导致性能降低
- 可以采用线程池技术来减少线程数和线程上下文切换,但治标不治本,如果有很多连接建立,但长时间 inactive,会阻塞线程池中所有线程,因此不适合长连接,只适合短连接
服务器端
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
// 使用open()方法打开一个ServerSocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 绑定监听端口
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(7000));
// 创建一个SocketChannel列表用于保存所有连接
List<SocketChannel> socketChannels = new ArrayList<>();;
while (true) {
// 接收连接,返回一个SocketChannel 阻塞方法
// 没有获取到连接会一直阻塞
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
if (socketChannel != null) {
socketChannels.add(socketChannel);
// 处理连接
System.out.println("New connection: " + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
}
for (SocketChannel channel : socketChannels) {
// 处理read事件 默认阻塞方法
int read = channel.read(buffer);
if (read > 0) {
// 处理读取到的数据
buffer.flip();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
sb.append((char) buffer.get());
}
System.out.println("Received: " + sb);
buffer.clear();
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
客户端
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try (SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 7000))) {
System.out.println(clientChannel);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
非阻塞模式
- 非阻塞模式下,相关方法都会不会让线程暂停
- 在 ServerSocketChannel.accept 在没有连接建立时,会返回 null,继续运行
- SocketChannel.read 在没有数据可读时,会返回 0,但线程不必阻塞,可以去执行其它 SocketChannel 的 read 或是去执行 ServerSocketChannel.accept
- 写数据时,线程只是等待数据写入 Channel 即可,无需等 Channel 通过网络把数据发送出去
- 但非阻塞模式下,即使没有连接建立,和可读数据,线程仍然在不断运行,白白浪费了 cpu
- 数据复制过程中,线程实际还是阻塞的(AIO 改进的地方)
服务端
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
// 使用open()方法打开一个ServerSocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 绑定监听端口
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(7000));
// 设置为非阻塞模式
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
List<SocketChannel> socketChannels = new ArrayList<>();
;
while (true) {
// 接收连接,返回一个SocketChannel
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
if (socketChannel != null) {
socketChannels.add(socketChannel);
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 处理连接
System.out.println("New connection: " + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
}
for (SocketChannel channel : socketChannels) {
// 处理read事件
int read = channel.read(buffer);
if (read > 0) {
// 处理读取到的数据
buffer.flip();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
sb.append((char) buffer.get());
}
System.out.println("Received: " + sb);
buffer.clear();
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
客户端
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try (SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 7000))) {
System.out.println(clientChannel);
while (true) {
// do something
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
多路复用
单线程可以配合 Selector 完成对多个 Channel 可读写事件的监控,这称之为多路复用
- 多路复用仅针对网络 IO、普通文件 IO 没法利用多路复用
- 如果不用 Selector 的非阻塞模式,线程大部分时间都在做无用功,而 Selector 能够保证
- 有可连接事件时才去连接
- 有可读事件才去读取
- 有可写事件才去写入
- 限于网络传输能力,Channel 未必时时可写,一旦 Channel 可写,会触发 Selector 的可写事件
服务端
ublic static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建一个selector
Selector selector = Selector.open();
// 使用open()方法打开一个ServerSocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 绑定监听端口
ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(7000));
// 设置为非阻塞模式
ssc.configureBlocking(false);
// 把server的channel 注册到selector
ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
List<SocketChannel> socketChannels = new ArrayList<>();
while (true) {
// select方法,没有事件发生,线程阻塞,有事件,线程才会恢复运行
// select 在事件未处理时, 它不会阻塞, 事件发生后要么处理, 要么取消(cancel)
selector.select();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
// 这里移除的是事件, 如果一次消息没有接受完, 那么事件会再次触发
iterator.remove();
log.debug("key: {}", key);
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
// 监听到连接事件
ServerSocketChannel channel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
SocketChannel sc = channel.accept();
socketChannels.add(sc);
sc.configureBlocking(false);
// 把新的连接channel
SelectionKey scKey = sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
// attachment 附件,可以理解为与channel绑定的附件
scKey.attach(buffer);
log.debug("connected: {}", sc.getRemoteAddress());
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
try {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
// 处理read事件
int read = channel.read(buffer);
if (read == -1) {
// 处理客户端正常断开了连接
key.cancel();
} else if (read > 0) {
// 处理读取到的数据
split(buffer);
if (buffer.position() == buffer.limit()) {
// 缓冲区已满,需要扩容
ByteBuffer newBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(buffer.capacity() * 2);
buffer.flip();
newBuffer.put(buffer);
key.attach(newBuffer);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 客户端断开了, 取消注册(从selector的keys集合中移除)
key.cancel();
}
}
}
}
}
private static void split(ByteBuffer source) {
source.flip();
for (int i = 0; i < source.limit(); i++) {
// 通过\n分割读取
if (source.get(i) == '\n') {
int length = i + 1 - source.position();
// 把这条完整消息存入新的 ByteBuffer
ByteBuffer target = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
// 将source中的数据读取到target中
for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
target.put(source.get());
}
target.flip();
System.out.print("read: " + Charset.defaultCharset().decode(target));
}
}
source.compact();
}
客户端
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try (SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 7000))) {
System.out.println(clientChannel);
clientChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("hello12356789abcdefg!!!\nworld\n".getBytes()));
System.in.read();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
多线程Selector
现在都是多核 cpu,设计时要充分考虑别让 cpu 的力量被白白浪费
前面的代码只有一个选择器,没有充分利用多核 cpu,改进为下面的模式:
分两组选择器
- 单线程配一个选择器,专门处理 accept 事件
- 创建 cpu 核心数的线程,每个线程配一个选择器,轮流处理 read 事件
服务端
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new BossEventLoop().register();
}
@Slf4j
static class BossEventLoop implements Runnable {
private Selector boss;
private WorkerEventLoop[] workers;
private volatile boolean start = false;
AtomicInteger index = new AtomicInteger();
public void register() throws IOException {
if (!start) {
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(7000));
ssc.configureBlocking(false);
boss = Selector.open();
SelectionKey ssckey = ssc.register(boss, 0, null);
ssckey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
workers = initEventLoops();
new Thread(this, "boss").start();
log.debug("boss start...");
start = true;
}
}
public WorkerEventLoop[] initEventLoops() {
// EventLoop[] eventLoops = new EventLoop[Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()];
WorkerEventLoop[] workerEventLoops = new WorkerEventLoop[2];
for (int i = 0; i < workerEventLoops.length; i++) {
workerEventLoops[i] = new WorkerEventLoop(i);
}
return workerEventLoops;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
boss.select();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = boss.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
iter.remove();
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
ServerSocketChannel c = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
SocketChannel sc = c.accept();
sc.configureBlocking(false);
log.debug("{} connected", sc.getRemoteAddress());
workers[index.getAndIncrement() % workers.length].register(sc);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Slf4j
static class WorkerEventLoop implements Runnable {
private Selector worker;
private volatile boolean start = false;
private int index;
private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Runnable> tasks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
public WorkerEventLoop(int index) {
this.index = index;
}
public void register(SocketChannel sc) throws IOException {
if (!start) {
worker = Selector.open();
new Thread(this, "worker-" + index).start();
start = true;
}
tasks.add(() -> {
try {
SelectionKey sckey = sc.register(worker, 0, null);
sckey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
worker.selectNow();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
worker.wakeup();
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
worker.select();
Runnable task = tasks.poll();
if (task != null) {
task.run();
}
Set<SelectionKey> keys = worker.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = keys.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
if (key.isReadable()) {
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(128);
try {
int read = sc.read(buffer);
if (read == -1) {
key.cancel();
sc.close();
} else {
buffer.flip();
log.debug("{} message:", sc.getRemoteAddress());
debugAll(buffer);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
key.cancel();
sc.close();
}
}
iter.remove();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
- Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() 如果工作在 docker 容器下,因为容器不是物理隔离的,会拿到物理 cpu 个数,而不是容器申请时的个数
- 这个问题直到 jdk 10 才修复,使用 jvm 参数 UseContainerSupport 配置, 默认开启
客户端
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try (SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 7000))) {
System.out.println(clientChannel);
clientChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("hello12356789abcdefg!!!\nworld\n".getBytes()));
System.in.read();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
